Researchers at the University of Bristol have unveiled a groundbreaking approach to social robotics that draws inspiration from equine-assisted therapy, potentially transforming how robots interact with humans in therapeutic settings.
The research team, led by Ellen Weir from Bristol's Faculty of Science and Engineering, found that therapeutic robots should function not as passive companions but as active co-workers, similar to therapy horses. These robots are designed to resist engagement when users are stressed or unsettled, responding positively only when a person demonstrates calmness and emotional regulation.
The study, presented at the CHI '25 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems in Yokohama, challenges the conventional design philosophy of social robots. Current models typically prioritize obedience, predictability, and user comfort, but the researchers recommend that therapeutic robots should exhibit greater autonomy rather than one-dimensional displays of friendship and compliance.
The innovation draws from Equine-Assisted Interventions (EAIs), where individuals communicate with horses through body language and emotional energy. In these therapies, if someone approaches with tension or emotional dysregulation, the horse resists their cues. When the individual becomes calm, clear, and confident, the horse responds positively. This 'living mirror' effect helps participants recognize and adjust their emotional states, improving both internal well-being and social interactions.
The project represents a significant advancement in mental health treatment technology. Led by Weir, the research team was inspired by EAIs, which are well-established complementary practices combining physical activity with cognitive stimulation. These interventions are particularly valuable for individuals with PTSD, trauma, or autism who struggle with conventional talking therapies.
This approach has transformative potential for robotic therapy, helping users develop self-awareness and regulation skills. Beyond therapy, the concept could influence human-robot interaction in other fields, such as training robots for social skills development, emotional coaching, and workplace stress management. A key question remains whether robots can truly replicate—or at least complement—the emotional depth of human-animal interactions.
Weir noted that beyond therapy, the concept has wider applications as emotionally responsive robots could be used in education, workplace wellness, and social skills coaching for individuals with neurodiverse conditions. While it's unclear whether robots can truly replicate the emotional depth of human-animal interactions, researchers believe they could still play a meaningful role in supporting emotional well-being, particularly in settings where traditional therapy is not accessible.